Anil Ambani

                              Anil Ambani

Born: June 4, 1959 

Achievement: Chairman of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group; Chosen as the 'CEO of the Year 2004' in the Platts Global Energy Awards and MTV Youth Icon of the Year' in September 2003 

Anil Ambani is one of the foremost entrepreneurs of Independent India. He is the Chairman of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. Earlier, before the split in the Reliance Group, Anil Ambani held the post of Vice Chairman and Managing Director in Reliance Industries Limited (RIL). 

Born on June 4, 1959, Anil Ambani did his Bachelors in Science from the University of Bombay and Masters in Business Administration The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. 

Anil Ambani joined Reliance in 1983 as Co-Chief Executive Officer. He pioneered India Inc's forays into overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depository receipts, convertibles and bonds. Starting from 1991, he led Reliance in its efforts to raise, around US$2 billion from overseas financial markets. In January 1997, the 100-year Yankee bond issue was launched under his stewardship.

After the split in Reliance Group, Anil Ambani founded Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group. He is the Chairman of all listed Group companies, which include: Reliance Communications, Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance Natural Resources Limited. 

Anil Ambai was elected as an independent member Rajya Sabha MP in June 2004. But he resigned voluntarily on March 25, 2006.

Anil Ambani has won several awards and honours. Major among these include: 'CEO of the Year 2004' in the Platts Global Energy Awards, 'MTV Youth Icon of the Year' in September 2003, 'The Entrepreneur of the Decade Award' by the Bombay Management Association, and 'Businessman of the Year Award' by leading Business Magazine, Business India in 1997.

Adi Godrej

                               Adi Godrej  


Achievements: Chairman of Godrej Group

Adi Godrej is one of the icons of Indian Industry. He is the chairman of Godrej Group. .Adi Godrej was born in a business family. His father's name was Burjorji Godrej and his mother's name was Jai Godrej. More than a century age, the Godrej's were into manufacturing locks and vegetable-based soaps. The Godrej products were among the first indigenously manufactured products to displace entrenched foreign brands.

Adi Godrej left India at the age of 17 to enroll at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Though he planned to study mechanical engineering but he later on switched to management. After his return to India, Adi Godrej joined the family business. He modernized and systematized management structures and implemented process improvements. Adi Godrej took the Godrej Group to great height during controlled economy era.

After the liberalization process, Adi Godrej restructured company's policies to meet the challenges of globalisation. In the early 2000s, the Group completed a 10-year restructuring process through which each business became a stand-alone company with a CEO/COO from outside the Godrej family.

Under Adi Godrej's leadership, the group is also involved in philanthropic activities. Godrej is major supporter of the World Wildlife Fund in India, it has developed a green business campus in the Vikhroli township of Mumbai, which includes a 150-acre mangrove forest and a school for the children of company employees.

Jamsetji Tata

Born On: March 3, 1839
Born In: Navsari, Gujarat, India
Died On: May 19, 1904
Occupation: Industrialist, Entrepreneur
Nationality: Indian

Whenever we think of the name Jamsetji Tata, we think of the expansive Tata Group of companies which continue to rule the industrial world of India till today. Jamsetji Tata founded the vast industrial empire that has received an identity today all over the world. Jamsetji Tata belonged to a trading family and business ran in his blood, therefore it was quite natural that he chose to be a businessman very early in his life. However, little did anybody know that Jamsetji Tata would be successful in redefining the concept of industries in India and would be listed in the pages of history as the 'Father of Indian Industry'!

Early Life

Born as Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata on March 3, 1839, Jamsetji Tata was the son of Nusserwanji Tata, the only businessman in a Parsi family that earned its living as Zoroastrian priests. Along with his wife Jeevanbai Tata, Nusserwanji Tata had moved out of his family to carry on his passion of business in Bombay. Nusserwanji Tata started off as a small trader, but nevertheless did quite well. Jamsetji Tata completed his graduation at Elphinstone College in Bombay, where he was known as such a bright student that the principal decided to refund Jamsetji Tata's fees once he completed his degree. Jamsetji Tata took up trading at a very early age of 14, a time when he was still studying. Since child marriage was practiced during those days, the future business tycoon got married at the tender age of sixteen to the ten year old Hirabai Daboo.

He graduated from college in 1858 and joined his father's trading firm. It was a turbulent time to step into business as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 had just been suppressed by the British government.

Career As A Businessman

Though Jamestji Tata started off working ever since he was 14, his real contribution came only after he had graduated in 1858. He became actively involved in his father's export business at a time when the business scenario in India was far from prosperous, largely because of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, which had been suppressed by the British Raj and had taken India by storm. Nevertheless, Nusserwanji Tata sent his son on a trip to Hong Kong in 1859 to expand his business interests there, a work that Jamsetji Tata completed successfully. Jamsetji Tata remained in Hong Kong for the next four years, trying to fulfill and realize his father's dream of setting up a branch of the Tata & Co. office there. The establishment of the new Tata & Co. office in Hong Kong was the beginning of the expansion of the Tata empire throughout Asia and the first step towards the creation of Tata & Sons.

By the year 1863, there were Tata offices not only in Hong Kong, but also in Japan and China. Following the huge business success in Asia, Jamsetji Tata now traveled to Europe, but unlike in Asia, he faced with a drawback in the initial stages. Part of Jamsetji Tata's aims in visiting England, apart from increasing the number of contacts for his father's export business based in India, was to establish an Indian Bank in London. This project, however, proved highly unsuccessful for the Tatas because it was not a favorable time for the banking sector, with a financial crisis hitting the markets in several parts of India. The Tata companies in India and all over Asia faced huge monetary loss after the failure of the establishment of the Indian bank.

Later Stages of Career

Jamsetji Tata worked with his father until the age of 29, after which he started a trading company of his own. This was in the year 1868, following which Jamsetji Tata gradually acquired and established several cotton mills of his own. The Empress Mill set up in Nagpur in 1874 brought Jamsetji Tata huge amounts of money. The name of the mill was so inspired after Queen Victoria became the Empress Of India. The mills made large amounts of profit, but were thereafter sold off by Jamsetji Tata for a higher sum of money. Jamsetji Tata's cotton mills produced cloth which were used in India and also exported to countries of Japan, Korea, China and several parts of the Middle East. The mills were largely established to satisfy Jamsetji Tata's business acumen, but it may be recalled that the Dharamsi cotton mill which was later renamed to Swadeshi cotton mill kept the nationalistic sentiment in mind and made use of only Indian products, particularly promoting the non-use of British raw material.

Just like it is today, even in the pre-independent era, Jamsetji Tata made it a point to look after the best interests of the workers in Tata & Sons. The Tata companies were then also known to provide the best working atmosphere for its workers. Policies which were unheard of during those times, like medical facilities for the sick and for women with children, provision of pensions, accident compensations and on the job training, were a part of the companies owned by Jamsetji Tata. It was Jamsetji Tata who appealed to the Japanese Steam Navigation Company to reduce freight charges, a factor which was largely diminishing his profits. Though it was for the benefit for the entire nation, Jamsetji Tata made it a point to spend his own money to get the case solved when his demands led to huge upheavals in Japan. Eventually, Jamsetji Tata did emerge successful in reducing freight charges and thereby increasing profits for Indian traders.

Business Legacy

The cotton mills did satisfy his business acumen, but to remain stuck on the production of cloth was not the aim of Jamsetji Tata. His vision was to establish an iron and steel plant, a world class hotel, a learning institution and a hydro electric power project. Among his four wishes, only the second was fulfilled during Jamsetji Tata's lifetime when the Taj Mahal Hotel was established on December 3, 1903. In 1901, Jamsetji Tata traveled to Europe and America to educate himself on the making of steel. In addition, he made it a point to educate himself on the latest technological progress that had taken place over the years all around the world so that he may use it for the betterment of the industries under Tata & Sons. Sadly, Jamsetji Tata could not stay alive to realize his dream of establishing an iron and steel plant in India.

Death

Jamsetji Tata breathed his last on May 19, 1904. He was the sole inspiration behind a group that today is one of the biggest industries of not only India but of the world also.

Legacy

Post Jamshetji Tata's death, The Tata Group was succeeded by his two sons, Dorabji Tata and Ratanji Tata. One of the most affluent, prosperous and well-to-do organizations, the Tata Group is today amongst the largest and most respected companies of the world. A pioneer of his field, the vision and aim of Jamsetji Tata came to life with time as his family gave wings to each of his dream projects. In fact, such was his contribution that the city of Jamshedpur in Jhakhand is today popularly known as Tatanagar, because of the many facilities that the group has endowed the city with. Today, the group boasts of being the founder of projects like Tata Steel, the Indian Institute of Science, the Tata Power Company Limited, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and many more.

Timeline
1839: Jamsetji Tata was born on March 3.
1853: He married Hirabai Daboo.
1858: Joined his father's trade firm.
1868: Established his first independent company.
1874: Set up the Empress Mill.
1901: Traveled to Europe and America to receive education on making of steel.
1903: Established the Taj Mahal Hotel.
1904: Died on May 19.

JRD Tata

                                                                    JRD Tata

Born: July 29, 1904

Died: on November 29, 1993

Achievements: He had the honor of being India's first pilot; was Chairman of Tata & Sons for 50 years; launched Air India International as India's first international airline; received Bharat Ratna in 1992.

JRD Tata was one of the most enterprising Indian entrepreneurs. He was a pioneer aviator and built one of the largest industrial houses of India.

JRD Tata was born on July 29, 1904 in Paris. His mother was a French, while his father was Parsi. JRD's full name was Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and he was popularly known as Jeh to his friends. JRD's father Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and Sri Jamsetji Tata shared their greatness from the same great-great-grandfather, Ervad Jamsheed Tata, a priest of Navsari.

JRD Tata was the second of four children. He was educated in France, Japan and England before being drafted into the French army for a mandatory one-year period. JRD wanted to extend his service in the forces but destiny had something else in store for him. By leaving the French army JRD's life was saved because shortly thereafter, the regiment in which he served was totally wiped out during an expedition in Morocco.

JRD Tata joined Tata & Sons as an unpaid apprentice in 1925. He has great interest in flying. On February 10, 1929, JRD became the first Indian to pass the pilot's examination. With this distinctive honor of being India's first pilot, he was instrumental in giving wings to India by building Tata Airlines, which ultimately became Air India. His passion for flying was fulfilled with the formation of the Tata Aviation Service in 1932.

In 1938, at the age of 34, JRD was elected Chairman of Tata & Sons making him the head of the largest industrial group in India. He started with 14 enterprises under his leadership and half a century later on July 26, 1988, when he left , Tata & Sons was a conglomerate of 95 enterprises which they either started or in which they had controlling interest.

JRD was the trustee of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust from its inception in 1932, which remained under his wings for over half a century. Under his guidance, this Trust established Asia's first cancer hospital, the Tata Memorial Center for Cancer, Research and Treatment, Bombay, 1941. It also founded the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, 1936 (TISS), the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1945 (TIFR), and the National Center for Performing Arts.

In 1948, JRD Tata launched Air India International as India's first international airline. In 1953, the Indian Government appointed JRD as Chairman of Air-India and a director on the Board of Indian Airlines-a position JRD retained for 25-years. For his crowning achievements in Aviation, JRD was bestowed with the title of Honorary Air Commodore of India.

In 1956, JRD Tata initiated a program of closer "employee association with management" to give workers a stronger voice in the affairs of the company. He firmly believed in employee welfare and espoused the principles of an eight-hour working day, free medical aid, workers' provident scheme, and workmen's accident compensation schemes, which were later, adopted as statutory requirements in India.

JRD Tata cared greatly for his workers. In 1979, Tata Steel instituted a new practice; a worker is deemed to be "at work" from the moment he leaves home for work till he returns home from work. The company is financially liable to the worker if any mishap takes place on the way to and from work. Tata Steel Township was also selected as a UN Global Compact City because of the quality of life, conditions of sanitation, roads and welfare that were offered by Tata Steel.

JRD Tata received a number of awards. He received the Padma Vibhushan in 1957 on the eve of silver jubilee of Air India. He also received the Guggenheim Medal for aviation in 1988. In 1992, because of his selfless humanitarian endeavors, JRD Tata was awarded India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna-one of the rarest instances in which this award was granted during a person's lifetime. In the same year, JRD Tata was also bestowed with the United Nations Population Award for his crusading endeavors towards initiating and successfully implementing the family planning movement in India, much before it became an official government policy.

JRD Tata died in Geneva, Switzerland on November 29, 1993 at the age of 89. On his death, the Indian Parliament was adjourned in his memory-an honor not usually given to persons who are not Members of Parliament.

Dhirubhai Ambani

                         Dhirubhai Ambani

Born: December 28, 1932

Died: July 6, 2002

Achievements: Dhiru Bhai Ambani built India's largest private sector company. Created an equity cult in the Indian capital market. Reliance is the first Indian company to feature in Forbes 500 list

Dhirubhai Ambani was the most enterprising Indian entrepreneur. His life journey is reminiscent of the rags to riches story. He is remembered as the one who rewrote Indian corporate history and built a truly global corporate group.

Dhirubhai Ambani alias Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani was born on December 28, 1932, at Chorwad, Gujarat, into a Modh family. His father was a school teacher. Dhirubhai Ambani started his entrepreneurial career by selling "bhajias" to pilgrims in Mount Girnar over the weekends.

After doing his matriculation at the age of 16, Dhirubhai moved to Aden, Yemen. He worked there as a gas-station attendant, and as a clerk in an oil company. He returned to India in 1958 with Rs 50,000 and set up a textile trading company.

Assisted by his two sons, Mukesh and Anil, Dhiru Bhai Ambani built India's largest private sector company, Reliance India Limited, from a scratch. Over time his business has diversified into a core specialisation in petrochemicals with additional interests in telecommunications, information technology, energy, power, retail, textiles, infrastructure services, capital markets, and logistics.

Dhirubhai Ambani is credited with shaping India's equity culture, attracting millions of retail investors in a market till then dominated by financial institutions. Dhirubhai revolutionised capital markets. From nothing, he generated billions of rupees in wealth for those who put their trust in his companies. His efforts helped create an 'equity cult' in the Indian capital market. With innovative instruments like the convertible debenture, Reliance quickly became a favorite of the stock market in the 1980s.

In 1992, Reliance became the first Indian company to raise money in global markets, its high credit-taking in international markets limited only by India's sovereign rating. Reliance also became the first Indian company to feature in Forbes 500 list.

Dhirubhai Ambani was named the Indian Entrepreneur of the 20th Century by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). A poll conducted by The Times of India in 2000 voted him "greatest creator of wealth in the century".

Dhirubhai Ambani died on July 6, 2002, at Mumbai.

Gandhi's Words

    Gandhi's Words

CAPITAL/CAPITALISM

"No doubt, capital is lifeless, but not the capitalists who are amenable to conversion".

"I do not regard capital to be enemy of labor".


CHARACTER

"Your character must be above suspicion and you must be truthful and self controlled".

"The truest test of civilization, culture and dignity is character, not clothing".

"A language is an exact reflection of the character and growth of its speakers".

"Men of stainless character will easily inspire confidence and automatically purify the atmosphere around them".

"The real property that a parent can transmit to all equally is his or her character and educational facilities".

"All your scholarship would be in vain if at the same time you do not build your character and attain mastery over your thoughts and your actions".


CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

"Civil disobedience is the assertion of a right which law should give but which it denies".

"Civil disobedience presupposes willing obedience of our self-imposed rules, and without it civil disobedience would be cruel joke".

"Civil disobedience becomes a sacred duty when the State becomes lawless corrupt".

"Civil disobedience means capacity for unlimited suffering without the intoxicating excitement of killing".

"Disobedience to be civil has to be open and nonviolent".

"Disobedience to be civil implies discipline, thought, care, attention".

"Disobedience that is wholly civil should never provoke retaliation".

"Non-cooperation and civil disobedience are different but branches of the same tree call Satyagraha (truth-force)".


COERCION

"Coercion cannot but result in chaos in the end".

"One who uses coercion is guilty of deliberate violence. Coercion is inhuman".


COOPERATION

"Non-cooperation with evil is as much a duty as cooperation with good".

"Nonviolent action without the cooperation of the heart and the head cannot produce the intended result".


DEMOCRACY

"Democracy necessarily means a conflict of will and ideas, involving sometimes a war to the knife between different ideas".

"The very essence of democracy is that every person represents all the varied interests which compose the nation".

"Democracy is a great institution and, therefore, it is liable to be greatly abused".

"Democracy is an impossible thing until the power is shared by all, but let not democracy degenerate into mobocracy".

"Democracy is not a state in which people act like sheep".

"Democracy and violence can ill go together".

"Evolution of democracy is not possible if we are not prepared to hear the other side".

"Democracy, disciplined and enlightened, is the finest thing in the world".

"The spirit of democracy cannot be imposed from without. It has to come from within".

"My notion of democracy is that under it the weakest should have the same opportunity as the strongest".

"To safeguard democracy the people must have a keen sense of independence, self-respect and their oneness".

"Intolerance, discourtesy and harshness are taboo in all good society and are surely contrary to the spirit of democracy".

"In true democracy every man and women is taught to think for himself or herself".

"The spirit of democracy cannot be established in the midst of terrorism, whether governmental or popular".

"Corruption and hypocrisy ought not to be inevitable products of democracy, as they undoubtedly are today".


DISCIPLINE

"True discipline gives enthusiastic obedience to instructions even though they don not satisfy the reason".

"Conscience is the ripe fruit of strictest discipline".

"Unless discipline is rooted in nonviolence, it might prove a source of infinite mischief".

"Non-cooperation is a measure of discipline and sacrifice, and it demands respect for the opposite views".


FAITH

"Faith gains in strength only when people are willing to lay down their lives for it".

"Faith is not like a delicate flower which would wither away the' slightest' stormy-'weather".

"Robust faith in oneself and brave trust of the opponent, so-called or real, is the best safeguard".

"A living faith cannot be manufactured by the rule of majority".

"What is faith if it is not translated into action?"

"Faith is not imparted like secular subjects. It is given through the language of the heart".

"Every living faith must have within itself the power of rejuvenation if it is to live. Just as the body cannot exist without blood, so the soul needs matchless and pure strength of faith".

"Nonviolence succeeds only when we have a real living faith in God".

"My effort should never be to undermine another's faith but to make him a better follower of his own faith".

"My faith is brightest in the midst of impenetrable darkness".

"Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed".

"Even as a tree has a single trunk but many branches and leaves, there is one religion -human religion- but any number of faiths".


FAST/FASTING

"Fasting is an institution as old as Adam. It has been resorted to for self-purification or for some ends, noble as well as ignoble".

"A complete fast is a complete and literal denial of self. It is the truest prayer".

"A genuine fast cleanses the body, mind and soul. It crucifies the flesh and to that extent sets the soul free".

"What the eyes are for the outer world, fasts are for the inner".

"My religion teaches me that whenever there is distress which one cannot remove one must fast and pray".

"Fear is not a disease of the body, fear kills the soul".

"A fear-stricken person can never know God, and one who knows God will never fear a mortal man".

"Where there is fear, there is not religion".

"It is weakness which breeds fear, and fear breeds distrust".

"There would be no one to frighten you if you refuse to be afraid".

"For a nonviolent person, the whole world is one family. He will thus fear none, nor will others fear him".

"The golden rule is to act fearlessly upon what one believes to be right".

"Fearlessness presupposes calmness and peace of mind".


FORCE

"Love is the subtlest force in the world".

"The force of nonviolence is infinitely more wonderful and subtle than the material force of nature, like electricity".

"The truth is that God is the force. He is the essence of life. He is pure and undefiled consciousness. He is eternal".

"The more efficient a force is the more silent and the more subtle it is".


FREEDOM/INDEPENDENCE

"Freedom is like birth. Till we are fully free, we are slaves".

"Freedom received through the efforts of others, however benevolent, cannot be retained when such effort is withdrawn".

"No charter of freedom will be worth looking at which does not ensure the same measure of freedom for the minorities as for the majority".

"No society can possibly be built on a denial of individual freedom".

"True nonviolence should mean a complete freedom from illwill and anger and hate and an overflowing love for all".

"This freedom from all attachment is the realization of God as Truth".

"I do not want my house to be walled in on sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible".

"Independence means voluntary restraints and discipline, voluntary acceptance of the rule of law".

"Independence of my conception means nothing less than the realization of the "Kingdom of God" within you and on this earth".

"Complete independence does not mean arrogant isolation or a superior disdain for all help".

"If it is man's privilege to be independent, it is equally his duty to be inter-dependent".


JUSTICE

"Justice will come when it is deserved by our being and feeling strong".

"Justice does not help those who slumber but helps only those who are vigilant".

"Peace will not come out of a clash of arms but out of justice lived and done by unarmed nations in the face of odds".


MACHINE/MACHINERY

"The supreme consideration is man. The machine should not tend to make atrophied the limbs of man".

"Today machinery merely helps a few to ride on the backs of millions".

"What I object to is the craze for machinery, not machinery as such".


MORAL FORCE/MORALITY

"Moral results can only be produced by moral restraints".

"Moral authority is never retained by any attempt to hold on to it. It comes without seeking and is retained without effort".

"True morality consists not in following the beaten track, but in finding out the true path for ourselves and in fearlessly following it".

"To observe morality is to attain mastery over our mind and our passions".

"Performance of duty and observance of morality are convertible".


NONCOOPERATION

"Noncooperation means refusal both to help the sinner in his sin and to accept any help or gift from him till he has repented".

"Noncooperation is measure of discipline and sacrifice and it demands respect for the positive views".

"Nonviolent noncooperation with evil means cooperation with all that is good".

"Noncooperation is intended to pave the way to real, honorable and voluntary cooperation based on mutual respect and trust".

"Noncooperation in political field is an extension of the doctrine as it is practiced in the domestic field".

"The avowed policy of noncooperation has been not to make political use of disputes between labor and capital".

"Real noncooperation is noncooperation with evil and not with the evil doer".

"Noncooperation is not a hymn of hate".

"My Noncooperation is with methods and systems, never with men".

"Nonviolence is the rock on which the whole structure of noncooperation is built".


PASSIVE RESISTANCE

"Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms".

"Passive resistance is an all-sided sword; it can be used anyhow; it blesses him who uses it and him against whom it is used".

"Passive resistance is a misnomer for nonviolent resistance. It is active than violent resistance".

"Passive resistance, unlike nonviolence, has no power to change men' s hearts".

"The sword of passive resistance does not require a scabbard".

"Jesus Christ, Daniel and Socrates represented the purest form of passive resistance or soul force".


PATRIOTISM

"My patriotism is not an exclusive thing. It is all-embracing and I should reject that patriotism which sought to mount the distress or exploitation of other nationalities".

"By patriotism I mean the welfare of the whole people, if I secure it at the hands of my opponent, I should bow down my head to him".


SATYAGRAHA/SATYAGRAHI

"Satyagraha is a process of educating public opinion, such that it covers all the elements of the society and makes itself irresistible".

"Satyagraha is a relentless search for truth and a determination to search truth".

"Satyagraha is an attribute of the spirit within".

"Satyagraha has been designed as an effective substitute for violence".

"The fight of Satyagraha is for the strong in spirit, not the doubter or the timid. Satyagraha teaches us the art of living as well as dying".

"Satyagraha, of which civil-resistance is but a part, is to me the universal law of life".

"Satyagraha is a law of universal application. Beginning with the family, its use can be extended to every other circle".

"Satyagraha can rid society of all evils, political, economic and moral".

"Satyagraha and civil disobedience and fasts have nothing in common with the use of force, veiled or open".

"A genuine satyagraha should never excite contempt in the opponent even when it fails to command regard or respect".

"Satyagraha thrives on repression till at last the repressor is tired and the object of satyagraha is gained".

"Satyagraha does not depend on the outside help, it derives all its strength from within".

"The method of satyagraha requires that the satyagrahi should never lose hope, so long as there is the slightest ground left for it".

"In the dictionary of satyagraha, there is no enemy".

"Since satyagraha is a method of conversion and conviction, it seeks never to use the slightest coercion".

"For a satyagraha brigade only those are eligible who believe in ahimsa-nonviolence and satya-truth".

"Satyagraha is a force that has come to stay. No force in the world can kill it".

"Satyagraha does not begin and end with civil disobedience".

"A clear victory of satyagraha is impossible so long as there is ill-will".

"Whatever may be true of other modes of warfare, in satyagraha it has been held that the causes for failure are to be sought within".

"What I call the law of satyagraha is to be deduced from an appreciation of duties and rights flowing there from".

"A satyagrahi turns the searchlight inward relentlessly to weed out all the defects that may be lying hidden there still".

"A satyagrahi has infinite patience, abundant faith in others and ample hope".

"A satyagrahi has no other stay but God, and he who has any other stay or depends on any other help cannot offer satyagraha".

"A satyagrahi cannot go to law for a personal wrong".

"A satyagrahi loves his so called enemy even as he loves his friend. He owns no enemy".

"A satyagrahi exhausts all other means before he resorts to satyagraha".

"In the code of the satyagrahi, there is no such thing as surrender to brute force".


SOCIALISM

"It is my firm conviction that if the State suppressed capitalism by violence, it will be caught in the coils of violence itself, and will fail to develop non-violence at any time. The State represents violence in a concentrated and organized form. The individual has a soul, but as the State is a soulless machine, it can never be weaned from violence to which it owes its very existence".

"I look upon an increase of the power of the State with the greatest fear, because although while apparently doing good by minimizing exploitation, it does the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality, which lies at the root of all progress. We know of so many cases where men have adopted trusteeship, but none where the State has really lived for the poor".

"Love thy neighbor as thyself" is no counsel of perfection. The capitalist is as much a neighbor of the laborer as the latter is a neighbor of the former, and one has to seek and win the willing co- operation of the other. Nor does the principle mean that we should accept exploitation lying down. Our internal strength will render all exploitation impossible".

"It can be easily demonstrated that destruction of the capitalist must mean destruction in the end of the worker and as no human being is so bad as to be beyond redemption, no human being is so perfect as to warrant his destroying him whom he wrongly considers to be wholly evil".


STRONG / STRENGTH

"Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will".

"A person who has realized the principle of nonviolence has the God-given strength for his weapon and the world has not yet known anything that can match it".

"A definite forgiveness would mean a definite recognition of our strength".

"The greater our innocence, the greater our strength and the swifter our victory".

"The dignity of man requires obedience to a higher law, to the strength of the spirit".

"If your heart acquires strength, you will be able to remove blemishes from others without thinking evil of them".


SUFFERING

"Sorrow and suffering make for character if they are voluntarily borne, but not if they are imposed".

"True suffering does not know itself and never calculates".

"The only way love punishes is by suffering".

"The hardest heart and the grossest ignorance must disappear before the rising sun of suffering without anger and without malice".


TRUTH


"Truth is what the voice within tells you".

"Truth is the right designation of God".

"Truth and nonviolence will never be destroyed".

"Truth is like a vast tree which yields more and more fruit the more you nurture it".

"Truth alone will endure, all the rest will be swept away before the tide of time".

"Truth and untruth often con-exist; good and evil often are found together".

"Truth is self-evident, nonviolence is its maturest fruit, it is contained in Truth, but is not self-evident".

"Every truth is self-acting and possesses inherent strength".

"Truth, which is permanent, eludes the historian of events. Truth transcends history".

"Truth and nonviolence demand that no human being may debar himself from serving any other human being, no matter how sinful he may be".

"Truth is the first to be sought for, and Beauty and Goodness will then be added unto you".

"An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied propagation, nor does truth become error because nobody sees it'.

"Truth without humility would be an arrogant caricature".

"The quest of truth involves self-suffering, sometimes even upto death".

"Use truth as your anvil, nonviolence as your hammer and anything that does not stand the test when it is brought to the anvil of truth and hammered with nonviolence, reject it".


UNTOUCHABILITY

"God never made man that he may consider another man as an untouchable".

"I would far rather that Hinduism died than untouchability lived".

"My fight against untouchability is a fight against the impure in humanity".

"To say that a single human being, because of his birth, becomes an untouchable, unapproachable, or invisible, is to deny God".

"Anger, lust and such other evil passions ranging in the heart are the real untouchables".


WOMEN

"Woman is more fitted than man to make exploration and take bolder action in nonviolence".

"There is no occasion for women to consider themselves subordinate or inferior to man".

"Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacity".

"If by strength is meant moral power, then woman is immeasurably man's superior".

"If nonviolence is the law of our being, the future is with women".

"Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today she does not realize what tremendous advantage she has over man".
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